What is a common critique of Rostow's modernization framework?

• A. It is Eurocentric, linear, and ignores historical inequality and dependence.
• B. It focuses on cultural diffusion without economic aspects.
• C. It assumes immediate industrialization in all contexts.
• D. It emphasizes technology over institutions.

Answer: (A)

Rostow’s modernization framework is often criticized for its Eurocentric, linear view of development. It treats progress as a universal, stepwise path modeled on Western history, assuming countries will follow the same sequence from traditional society to high mass consumption. This ignores the long shadows of colonialism, ongoing global inequalities, and dependencies that shape why some nations struggle to industrialize or diversify their economies. In reality, development is uneven and constrained by historical and political-economic forces beyond a simple trajectory, which Rostow’s model downplays. Because of these issues, the strongest critique centers on the idea that development timing and paths are not universal and are deeply shaped by global power relations.