What are threshold and range in Central Place Theory, and why are they important for service provision?

• A. Threshold is the minimum market size to support a service; Range is the maximum distance customers will travel; together they determine where settlements provide goods.
• B. Threshold is the maximum distance; Range is the minimum market size; determines settlement size.
• C. Threshold is service frequency; Range is supply chain distance.
• D. Threshold and range are irrelevant in Central Place Theory.

Answer: (A)

Threshold is the minimum market size needed to support a service, and range is the maximum distance customers are willing to travel to obtain that service. Together they determine which settlements provide a given good or service and how far their market areas extend. In Central Place Theory, this explains why larger, higher-order services require bigger populations and draw customers from farther away, while smaller, everyday services need only a small threshold and short reach. This interplay shapes where settlements are located and how they are spaced. The other options mix up the definitions or point to concepts outside this theory, or claim irrelevance.